IGNOU BCA 1st sem Solved Assignment - Explain the following terms in the context of Operating System: Serial processing Command Processor Multiprogramming UNIX

Explain the following terms in the context of Operating System:

Serial processing

Command Processor

Multiprogramming

UNIX

Ans

. Serial Processing: The Serial Processing Operating Systems are those which Performs all the instructions into aSequence Manner or the Instructions those are given by the user will be executed by using the FIFO Manner means First in First Out. All the Instructions those are Entered First in the System will be Executed First and the Instructions those are Entered Later Will be Executed Later. For Running the Instructions the Program Counter is used which is used for Executing all the Instructions

The Command Processor functionality in Windows Embedded CE includes a command processor shell (Cmd.exe) that is similar to Command.com in Windows 95 and Cmd.exe in Microsoft Windows NT®. The command processor shell is a command-line-driven shell that provides a limited number of commands. The Console Window is available on display-based systems to provide a window through which the Command Processor can provide output and accept input.

The Command Processor requires the Standard IO (STDIO) Catalog item. For headless OS designs, the Command Processor also requires the FormatMessage API and Full C Run-Time Catalog items and either the National Language Support (NLS) Catalog item or the English (US) National Language Support only Catalog item. The Console Window requires the Command Processor Catalog item.

Multiprogramming

To overcome the problem of underutilization of CPU and main memory, the multiprogramming was introduced. The multiprogramming is interleaved execution of multiple jobs by the same computer. In multiprogramming system, when one program is waiting for I/O transfer; there is another program ready to utilize the CPU. So it is possible for several jobs to share the time of the CPU. But it is important to note that multiprogramming is not defined to be the execution of jobs at the same instance of time. Rather it does mean that there are a number of jobs available to the CPU (placed in main memory) and a portion of one is executed then a segment of another and so on.

UNIX

UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be written in a high-level programming language, namely C. This meant that it could be installed on virtually any computer for which a C compiler existed. This natural portability combined with its low price made it a popular choice among universities. (It was inexpensive because antitrust regulations prohibited Bell Labs from marketing it as a full-scale product.) Unix is a multitasking system. This means that Unix has the ability to handle more than one task at a time. These tasks might be several programs that any particular user wants to run, or they may be programs run by several users at once. Multitasking, combined with being a multi-user system, makes it possible for more than one person to be logged in and using a Unix system at once. This is true for any Unix system, not just large timesharing systems. Even small, desktop systems have the capability to support multiple concurrent users. Additionally, some of the tasks that the system could be doing, and probably is doing, can be system tasks related to keeping the system going and providing the services needed by the users.