Question. 1)(b) Discuss the
concept of service and report on the reasons for the growth of the service
sector.
Ans :
In recent times the service
sector is increasing at a very fast pace. After the liberalization in the year
1991, the contribution of service sector is continuously increasing in the
growth of our economy. However, agriculture is still dominating the Indian
economy. Service sector are growing not only in volume but also in
sophistication and complexity. The growth of service industry is the result of
combination of several reasons, they are,
REASONS FOR THE GROWTH OF
SERVICES IN INDIA:
1. Economic affluence: One, of the key factors for the growth of demand for services is the economic affluence. According to the NCAER study the size of the middle income consumer is raising fast and the percentage of the very poor household’s declining. The rural households in the upper income category is growing at a much faster pace than the urban households in the corresponding categories. The Economic liberalisation Process has had a positive impact on the Indian households. Their income as well as their expenditure has been pushed, creating a demand for many goods and services.
1. Economic affluence: One, of the key factors for the growth of demand for services is the economic affluence. According to the NCAER study the size of the middle income consumer is raising fast and the percentage of the very poor household’s declining. The rural households in the upper income category is growing at a much faster pace than the urban households in the corresponding categories. The Economic liberalisation Process has had a positive impact on the Indian households. Their income as well as their expenditure has been pushed, creating a demand for many goods and services.
2. Changing Role of Women:
Traditionally the Indian woman was confined to household activities. But with
the changing time there has been a change in the traditional way of thinking in
the society. Women are now allowed to work. They are employed in defence
services, police services, postal services, software services, health services,
hospital services, entertainment industries, Business Process Outsourcing and
so on.
The percentage of working women has been growing rapidly. The changing role of women has created a market for a number of product and services. Earning women prefer to hire services in order to minimise the innumerable roles that they are required to perform. The demand by woman is forcing service organisations to be more innovative in their approach.
The percentage of working women has been growing rapidly. The changing role of women has created a market for a number of product and services. Earning women prefer to hire services in order to minimise the innumerable roles that they are required to perform. The demand by woman is forcing service organisations to be more innovative in their approach.
3. Cultural Changes: Change is
the underlying philosophy of culture place of change in Indian culture is not
uniform. However, during the last century the factors of change are prominent.
The emergence of the nuclear family system in place of the traditional joint
family system creates a demand for a host of services like education, health
care, entertainment, telecommunication, transport, tourism and so on. There
has’ been a marked change in the thought Processes relating to investment,
leisure time perception and so on which has created a huge demand for services.
4. I.T. Revolution: For the
last 15 years India’6aste,en occupying a vital position in the area of Information
Technology. IT became one of the key service businesses of the country. India
has the largest software skilled population in the world. The domestic market
as well as the international market has grown substantially. Realising the
potential for this area many state governments have made IT as their most,
prioritized segment states such as Karnntnka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra and Delhi have already achieved substantial progress in Information
Technology the In Ile years to come ‘Lille IT enabled se Aces will have a
bright future. The growth. of’ population, industrialisation and indiscriminate
consumptions have affected the, natural resources, environment and the
ecological balance. Due to this there is an imbalance of the ecology various
service organisations have been promoted in order to take up social marketing.
Thousands of crores of rupees are being spent on safeguarding the rare animals
and birds, water pollution, conservation of oil & energy and research to
develop new technologies that can promote effective use of natural resources
and safeguard the environment.
5. Development of Markets:
During the last few decades the wholesaler and the retailer population has
grown in the country. Urban India has become a cluster of wholesaling and
retailing business. In the Semi – urban areas, retailing has spread to the
nooks and corners of the streets and in the rural areas retail business is
significantly present. A new breed of organisations, offering marketing
services has come up. The government also offers marketing services to the
small-scale agricultural farmers, artisans and other traditional business
sectors such ‘as promotion of regulated markets, export promotion councils,
development boards etc.
6. Market orientation: The changing
competitive situation and demand supply positions has forced the manufacturing
organisation to shift their philosophy from production orientation to market
orientation. Market is a service function that has been added in the
organisation. The pressures in the market has further forced the manufacturing
organisations to have marketing research, accounting, auditing, financial
management, human resource management and marketing research divisions – all of
which are services functions.
7. Health-Care Consciousness:
In India, the healthcare market has grown substantially. The increased life
expectancy is the result of the consciousness of the people regarding the
health issues. The growth of fitness clubs, diagnostic centres, medical
counselling, health-related information sites are the reflections of the
growing demands for health care services. The government as well as the social
organisations have taken up the mass campaigns in order to create awareness
among the illiterate persons and the rural population on health service. Hence,
the growth of health related services.
8. Economic liberalisation:
The economic liberalisation of the 1991 has brought many changes in the Indian
scenario. With the Disinvestment and the Privatisation policies the state owned
monopolies in many service areas came to an end Multinationals were permitted
to enter the Indian market. Liberal lending policies and lower interest rates
motivated many people to become self-employed. Different sectors like Banking,
Insurance, Power projects, Telecommunication, Hospitality sector, Health
Services, Entertainment, Air transport, and Courier services witnessed intense
competition, due to the entry of multinationals. The flow of time-tested
service technology from various parts of the world changed the attitude of the
Indian consumer towards sources.
9. Rampant migration: One of
the important reasons for the growth of services in India is the rampant
migration of rural to semi-urban and urban areas. Migration to urban areas for
the want of jobs and livelihood has resulted in the expansion of cities and
townships due to which businesses like real estates, rentals, transportation
and infrastructure services are rapidly expanding.
10. Export potential: India is
considered to be a Potential source for services. There are a number of
services that India offers to various parts of the world like banking,
insurance, transportation co data services, accounting services, construction
labour, designing, entertainment, education, health services, software services
and tourism. Tourism and software services are among the major foreign exchange
earners of the country and that the growth rate is also very high as compared
to the other sectors.
11. Service tax: The growth in the service sector attracted
the attention of the government as a tax generating source. Over the years, the
number of services brought under service tax has increased- Service tax is
levied on hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and communications,
financial services, real states, business services and social and personal
services.
Thus, above mentioned factors are responsible to the
increase in the growth of the service sector
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