MS 07 IGNOU MBA Solved Assignment
Describe the main components of a
network including hardware & software and various types of networks.
Distinguish between LAN & WAN and distinguish between Internet and
Intranet.
Ans :
Different types of physical components are involved that builds a LAN/WANcomputer
network. The major components are hubs, NIC adapters, network cables,routers,
switches, modems and gateway. Following is the basic overview of each
of the major component of a computer network.
Servers
Network servers are computers that provide different services
to a computer networksuch as logon authentication, internet access, disk space,
printing access, CD/DVD-ROM access, database access, antivirus and other
software application updationetc. The specialized server operating systems are
Windows 2000 Serve,
Windows2003 Server, Linux and Sun Solaris. In the Windows 2000/2003 server, activedirectory
holds the users and network computer information.
Cabling
There are different types of network cables are involved in a
compute network suchas coaxial cable, Ethernet cable UTP/STP and fiber optic
cable. The most commonlyused cable in a local area network is UTP/STP
(Unshielded twisted pair/shieldedtwisted pair). However fiber optic is
currently replacing all the traditional cables andis being widely used in LAN
and WAN networks. Data travels at the speed of lightthrough the fiber optic
cables thus fiber optic is a fastest data carrier in the
computer networks.
LAN cards
LAN cards, NIC or network adapters are the essential physical
parts of any computer network. Every computer in a network requires a
LAN card to get connected with theother computers in the network. Every LAN
card is assigned a unique IP address for computer’s identification on the network. Wireless LAN cards are used in thewireless
LAN.
Switch/Hub
Hub or switch is a centralized device and both devices
almost play the same functioni.e. every computer in a network (in star and
mesh topology) is directly connected
with the hub or switch. The major difference in hub and
switch is that when dataarrives at hub it broadcasts it to the every the
computer in a network and only thedestined computer accept the data however the
in case of switch, data is onlytransferred to the destined computer and
not to the all computers. Switch providesmore data transfer speed as compared
to the hub. In the advanced switches, aswitching table is maintained,
which has the database of IP addresses and MACaddress of every computer.
Router
The basic function of the router is to route the traffic
(data) to its destination basedon the IP address. Router is a most
important network communication device in LANand especially in WAN and
the whole communication system of the internet is basedon the routers.
Router is a key component is WAN. Like in the advance switches,Router
maintains the routing table, which contains the IP address of the source
anddestination routers. With the help of the routing table, a route finds the
best shortestpossible path of the destination. Routing tables are
continually updated and thisupdatation is propagated in all the connected
routers.
Antenna
Antennas are the part of a wireless computer network for
boosting the signals for adapters, access points, and bridge equipments.
Antennas also provide the buildingto building wireless connectivity and some
of the types of antennas are directionalantenna, video antennas,
yagi antennas, wireless communication antennas, omni-directional antennas,
and base station antennas.
Modems
Modem is a network device that performs two functions
modulation anddemodulation i.e. it converts the digital data into the analog
signals and the analogdata into digital.
Gateway
A network gateway is a computer, software or device that is
directly connected withthe external network i.e. internet. All the incoming and
outgoing traffic of a networkpasses through the gateway. Gateway computers
are kept very secure as the can beattacked directly through the internet
and in case of any security holes andweaknesses in the gateway computer, all
the computers in a network can beattacked.
Backbone
A backbone is a main line of wire such as fiber optic cable
that connects two or morebig networks such as ISPs.
PC - Basically is a personal computer
Networking is required to make accessible communication
between computers possible by a network connection. Networking allows for many
possibilities, such as accessing the internet, file sharing, file transferring,
networks attacks and system communication. Let’s look at the different types of
networking ways
Types of Networks:
LAN(Local Area Networking)
WLAN(Wireless Local Area Networks)
WAN(Wide Area Networks)
MAN(Metropolitan Area Networks)
CAN(Campus Area Networks)
SAN(Storage or Sytem Area Network)
PAN(Personal Area Network)
Dan(Desk Area Network)
Difference between Internet and Intranet
Internet
System network connectivity for everyone, anybody can access any online
webpages from any places across globe. Anybody can view any webpages unless
other webpages are restricted for selected online user through User ID and
Password.
Internet
is the name given to the global network or worldwide network of computers. The
most important term to be understood in this respect is the Internet Protocol
address, which is known as IP address in its short form. IP address is
specifically allotted to a computer to identify the same on the internet. It is
a unique set of numbers such as 49.204.37.205. Even when you type 'IP address'
in Google Search text box, the IP address of your system will be immediately
displayed. Such is the speed of finding the IP address of any system. The
internet protocol suite is usually termed as TCP/IP. It is through the IP
address that your computer's location can be found out. The website addresses like
http://www.techulator.com have to be translated into the numbered IP address of
the website. Whatever the browser Internet Explorer, Netscape, Google Chrome or
Mozilla Firefox you are using will first access a Domain Name Server (DNS)
computer to find out and return an IP address or it will give an error message
if the name is not found. This is the reason why you are displayed an error
message most of the times when the DNS does not find the IP address you have
typed in the address bar.
Internet
1. Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all.
2. Internet itself contains a large number of intranets.
3. The number of users who use internet is Unlimited.
4. The Visitors traffic is unlimited.
5. Internet contains different source of information and is available for all.
1. Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all.
2. Internet itself contains a large number of intranets.
3. The number of users who use internet is Unlimited.
4. The Visitors traffic is unlimited.
5. Internet contains different source of information and is available for all.
Intranet System
network connectivity within organization and nowhere outside the organization.
User can access only particular webpages or any other related information from
it and this will have a different IP address. Here you have to be an authorized
user to access webpages as well
Intranet
Intranet also refers to the network of computers but it is not available to the world outside the intranet. These types of intranet networks are used in big organizations. For example, we can take the example of an organization, office or an institution which has a number of PCs and printers which have to networked together. This network of computers and printers, which will have network connections within the organization, will not be connected or available to the outside world. One selected drive from one of the PCs would serve as a directory of web pages that will form the intranet. All other PCs in the network of the organization will access this intranet by pointing the browser used by these computers to this directory. The rest of the navigation is done in the same way as we do in the internet. Intranet network when connected to the internet, the intranet will reside behind a firewall. If the organization wants the intranet to allow access to the internet, it will be called an extranet. It is the firewall that controls the access between the intranet and internet to permit access to the internet only to the selected or all the employees of the organization. This is how certain organizations bar the access of social networking websites on their intranet to certain members of the organization.
Intranet also refers to the network of computers but it is not available to the world outside the intranet. These types of intranet networks are used in big organizations. For example, we can take the example of an organization, office or an institution which has a number of PCs and printers which have to networked together. This network of computers and printers, which will have network connections within the organization, will not be connected or available to the outside world. One selected drive from one of the PCs would serve as a directory of web pages that will form the intranet. All other PCs in the network of the organization will access this intranet by pointing the browser used by these computers to this directory. The rest of the navigation is done in the same way as we do in the internet. Intranet network when connected to the internet, the intranet will reside behind a firewall. If the organization wants the intranet to allow access to the internet, it will be called an extranet. It is the firewall that controls the access between the intranet and internet to permit access to the internet only to the selected or all the employees of the organization. This is how certain organizations bar the access of social networking websites on their intranet to certain members of the organization.
Intranet
1. Intranet is also a network of computers designed for a specific group of users.
2. Intranet can be accessed from Internet but with restrictions.
3. The number of users is limited.
4. The traffic allowed is also limited.
5. Intranet contains only specific group information.
1. Intranet is also a network of computers designed for a specific group of users.
2. Intranet can be accessed from Internet but with restrictions.
3. The number of users is limited.
4. The traffic allowed is also limited.
5. Intranet contains only specific group information.
Therefore
the Internet is an open, public space, while an intranet is designed to be a
private space. An intranet may be accessible from the Internet, but it is
protected by a password and accessible only to authorized users
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